Discourse | | |
Term | Definition | Example |
Code Switching | Alternating between language within conversation Function Inclusion/exclusion | What time do you finish? Επειδεί χρεάζεσαι να πας το ζαχαροπλαστείο |
Inference | Use of context clues and prior knowledge to fill in a gap. | Example: A: Do you want to come to the shops after school? B: I have so much homework to do A infers that B cannot come as a result of the amount of homework they have |
factors that contribute to coherence | | |
cohesion | the texts links well | |
logical ordering | organised in a way that is easy to follow | |
formatting | visual presentation helps readers to understand text | |
consistency & conventions | features remain the same and match similar texts of same type | |
factors that | contribute | to a text’s cohesion |
lexical choice | | |
collocation | tendency for words to appear close together often | |
features of spoken | discourse | |
openings | talk to open the conversation before getting to purpose | introduction/build rapport |
adjacency pairs | sequences of utterances often formulaic | greetings, smoother conversation |
overlapping speech | talking at the same time | interrupting |
interrogative tages | tag added to end of declarative to make in interrogative | to question things, ask for confirmation |
discourse particles | filler words | express opinions or emotion |
non fluency features | | |
pauses | stop in speech | show thinking |
filled pauses | utterance that is not a word, to fill a pause | show thinking |
hesitations | begining to talk then stopping | |
false starts | saying one thing, stopping, then saying another | corrections |
repitition | repeating oneself | emphasis |
spokenn discourse | | |
topic management | initiating, maintaining, and changes of topics | |
turn taking | sharing the floor, who talks & when etc | |
back-chanelling | discourser particles to show one is listening, in response to other interlocutor | |
Semantics | | |
Term | Definition | Examples |
Semantic Fields/Domain | A collection of words that are related in meaning | strawberry, eat, mouth, banana, chicken (food) |
Denotation | The dictionary definition | blue - the colour blue |
Connotation | Meaning associated with a word but not its denotation function: To attach an abstract concept to concrete ideas | blue - sad |
idiom | | |
disphemism | implite expressions | |
semantic patterning | | |
irony | contrast between apparent and intended meaning | |
metaphor | one thing is described in terms of another | |
oxymoron | two contradictory words placed together | |
simile | one thing is described by comparing it to another | |
personification | human qualities to a non human | |
animation | living qualities to something non-living | |
puns | a play on words | |
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